Hiển thị các bài đăng có nhãn symptoms. Hiển thị tất cả bài đăng
Hiển thị các bài đăng có nhãn symptoms. Hiển thị tất cả bài đăng

Thứ Hai, 6 tháng 5, 2013

Young athletes continue to play through concussion symptoms, study shows

  • Football Players

Despite the widely-known risks associated with concussions, many high school football players said they wouldn’t report symptoms to a coach and would continue to play even if they had a headache resulting from an on-field injury, Medical Xpress reported.

In a survey of 120 high school football players, 30 reported having suffered a concussion, and 90 percent said they recognized the risk of serious injury if they returned to playing too quickly after a concussion.

The majority of the students also recognized the symptoms of a concussion: headaches, dizziness, difficulty with memory, difficulty concentrating, and sensitivity to light and sound.

However, 53 percent said they would  "always or sometimes continue to play with a headache sustained from an injury," and only 54 percent indicated they would "always or sometimes report symptoms of a concussion to their coach,” Medical Xpress reported.

Doctors from the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, where the study was conducted, said their findings were worrisome.

"We aren't yet at the point where we can make specific policy recommendations for sports teams, but this study raises concerns that young athletes may not report symptoms of concussions," says Dr. Brit Anderson, an emergency medicine fellow at Cincinnati Children's and the study's lead author.

Anderson noted more research needs to be done into how to better educate these athletes – and how to more effectively spot concussions in high school players.

"Other approaches, such as an increased use of sideline screening by coaches or athletic trainers, might be needed to identify injured athletes," Anderson said.

It is estimated that up to 3.8 million sports-related concussions occur in the United States every year – and concussions make up approximately 8.9 percent of all high school athletic injuries, Medical Xpress noted.

The study will be presented at the annual meeting of the Pediatric Academic Societies on May 6 in Washington, D.C.

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Thứ Sáu, 26 tháng 4, 2013

Vaccine developed to fight gut bacteria and autism symptoms

  • VaccineShots.jpg

A vaccine has been created for children with autism to help fight gut bacteria, which may also help to control some of their symptoms of autism, Science Daily reported.

The University of Guelph researchers who conducted the study published their findings in this month’s journal Vaccine.

Brittany Pequegnat, a master’s student, and Guelph chemistry professor Mario Monteiro created a carb-based vaccine, which protects against Clostridium bolteae – also known as C. bolteae.

This particular bug is known to play a role in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, and it often shows up more in kids with autism compared to the rest of the population.

More than 90 percent of children on the autism spectrum suffer from chronic GI issues, and of those 90 percent, 75 percent suffer from diarrhea.

Monteiro said experts aren’t quite sure what causes children with autism to become predisposed to C. bolteae, but sometimes antibiotics can help. However, a vaccine could not only control unpleasant GI symptoms but perhaps the symptoms associated with autism as well.

Many experts believe environmental factors play a role in autism, but other researchers believe the focus should be on bacteria in the gut.

Pequegnat and Monteiro used bacteria grown by a Guelph Ph.D. student to develop their vaccine, which targets the carbohydrates on the bug’s surface. The vaccine raised C. bolteae-specific antibodies in the rabbits used for the study.

Researchers said the vaccine would take more than 10 years to study in clinical and human trials, but this development is a significant step forward.

Research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council.

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Thứ Tư, 3 tháng 4, 2013

Weight-loss drug may improve autism-style symptoms

  • 640_Autism.jpg

Low doses of a weight-loss drug could reverse many of the autismlike symptoms of a condition called fragile X syndrome, new study in mice suggests.

The drug, called rimonabant, blocks receptors that are activated by marijuana in the brain. Mice treated with the drug in the study showed improved memory and reduced seizures, and  more normal sensitivity to pain, compared with mice not treated with the drug.

It's not clear whether the same improvements could happen in people. Rimonabant, which basically works by creating the opposite effect of "the munchies" (or an increased appetite experienced by some marijuana users), was withdrawn from the market in 2009 because it caused depression and suicidal thoughts in some patients.

However, the drug seems to improve autismlike symptoms at much lower doses than those typically used for weight loss, said study co-author Arnau Busquets Garcia, a neuroscience researcher at the University Pompeu Fabra in Spain.

"It could be an interesting therapy approach in humans, but I think there is a lot of work to do to confirm this," Busquets Garcia said.

Overactive brain cells

People with fragile X syndrome have a single change in a gene called FMR1, which prevents them from making enough of a key brain chemical that directs communication between brain cells. As a result, brain cells tend to fire too much, causing seizures, mental retardation, memory problems and insensitivity to pain.

The research team noticed that receptors called CB1 receptors, which are activated by marijuana, also played a role in the firing of brain cells. Because brain cells go haywire in fragile X syndrome, they wondered whether quieting these receptors could reduce the symptoms of the disease.

To find out, they gave rimonabant to mice that had a genetic change similar to fragile X, and measured the effects.

Blocking the marijuana receptors with rimonabant improved the mice's performance in a memory maze, and also eliminated their cognitive deficits. Mice given rimonabant also had fewer seizures and more normal pain responses.

When examined under a microscope, the brain cells also looked more like healthy brain cells than those typical of fragile X syndrome.

Autism symptoms

The new approach could, in theory, show promise for other forms of autism.

"In lots of these autism deficits, there are also these imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory signals in the brain," Busquets Garcia said.

However, the researchers would first have to show that rimonabant was safe at lower doses, and effective in people who had fragile X syndrome, he said.

The findings were published March 31 in the journal Nature Medicine.

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